Position finding device



Sept. 20, 1960 v. E. CARBONARA PosIIIoN FINDING DEVICE:

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. l5, 1957 Sept. 20, 196() v. E. cARBoNARA POSITION FINDING DEVICE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 15, 195'? l l l United States Patent Oiicc 2,953,060 Patented Sept. 20, 1960 POSITION FINDING DEVICE Victor E. Carbonara, Manhasset, N.Y., assignor to Ilon Industries, Inc., Long Island City, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed Feb. 15, 1957, Ser. No. 640,531

2 Claims. (Cl. 88-2.4)

My present invention relates to a locating or position iinding device and more particularly to a device for determing location from selected landmarks in such manner that the unskilled user may readily obtain a x and use the data to return at any time, as long as the landmarks remain, to the identical location.

In the navigation of inland or coastal Waters where landmarks are available, it is particularly desirable, especially in the case of operators of small craft including even row boats, to be able to return to a particular location or -to traverse a particular irregular path as determined by particular locating points. It is also desirable that the performance of this operation need not require even general knowledge ofnavigation or the use of complex and expensive navigational instruments; this 'is particularly so in the case,'for instance, of iishermen who iish primarily for sport at sporadic intervals and desire accurately to mark a good fishing point which may deserts Where landmarks which may be diierentiated from surrounding terrain are distant and sparse. y

Heretoore, as far as the small boat operator was concerned, the expense of navigation instruments made specic location an unsolvable problem, the boat operator being satisfied to maintain a heading either bearing'on -a particular landmark or buoy or succession of landmarks or (in the case of the more skilled operator) based on a compass. This, however, merely determined a path along which the boat could be moved and did not determine location except to the extent that distance could be estimated from rowing time, sailing time or the rela- Vtive apparent size of known shore based structures.

Navigating instruments including sextants `or directional radio receivers in the first instance cost as much or more than the entire boat and its equipment, then required skill in` operation; also, except in unusual circumstances, such instruments provide good location within minutes of arc but could not be expected -to provide pin-point location with an error of the order of a few feet, nor could they be utilized independently of tabulations and navigational calculations to indicate to the operator the'path of the boat Which willbring it to the desired location, the locating having been previously pin-pointed.

' VMy invention is, therefore, directed -to and has for its primary object a locating device which, because ofthe simplicity of itselements, may be pocket size, may be made to cost less than even an inexpensivewatch and ,will nevertheless,qwithout the exercise-of any skill, provide almost instantaneously reference data to pin-point any location, which reference -datamay be usedla't any a compass rose viewable through the eye piece, a reference line aligned with the eye piece so that with the reference line placed on a landmark the eye may see the landmark, the reference line and the compass rose at the same time to determine the heading of the landmark. 'I'he instrument is also provided with a xed mirror on a line of `sight With the reference line and directed toward the eye piece and a rotatable mirror which may be moved to cause the image of a second landmark to be reliected from the rotatable mirror to the fixed mir ror to the eye piece. The handle for turning the rotatable mirror will operate over a scale which may be read in terms of angular degrees from the reference axis (eye piece-reference line) or in any desired succession of numf bers or indicia. Y In use, the operator having decided that lit is necessary to be able to return to a particular location on the water, will select two landmarks, such as a church Steeple and a water tower. He will then place the eye piece of the instrument to his eye, place the reference line on the church Steeple and see the compass heading of the Steeple; he will then operate the handle of the rotating mirror until the Water tower is brought into the line of sight. He will then note the compass heading lof the Steeple (say, 240) and the number of the scale (say, 55)' on which the rotatable mirror handle stopped when the tower image entered the line of sight. The note may read: Steeple 240, tower 55. Y

At a subsequent time, to return to the same pin-point location, the operator will row to a place Where-the steeple compass bearing is 240. He will then operate the rotatable mirror to bring the tower into the line of sight. If the tower reading is more than 55, he will rowaway from the steeple along a straight line keeping thesteeple heading at 240 until the tower reading is 55; if the tower reading is less ,than 55, he will similarly row toward v the Steeple along a straight line keeping the Steeple heading at 240 until the tower reading is 55. In either case, having reached the line or path of correct heading with respect to lthe Steeple and having determined Whether he must row toward or away from the steeple, the operator may set the rotatable mirror handle at 55 and. consult it occasionally u util the tower, the Steeple, the reference line and the compass heading (240, in this case) appear simultaneously in the line of sight. he Will have returned to the previously pin-pointed location. The foregoing and many other objects of my invention Will become apparent in the following description and drawings in which: v

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the navigational problem. y

Figure 2 is a view in perspective partially in phantom of my novel position nding device. v I

Figure 3 is a side view of my novel position finding device. y, 7.-.

Figure 4 shows the eye piece view when the pinpointed location is reached. l

Referring first to Figure l, the navigationalproblem and method illustrated here has already been explained. The instrument will provide a locus of position 10 with respect to the church steeple 11 as determined by compass bearing and a locus of position 12 with respectjo the water tower 13 determined by angle a. Thelis only one point 14 where both loci can be satisfied. Ihe method of reaching this point, having previouslydetermined locus 10 (compass bearing) for steeple llrand angle a for tower 13 on a previous visit, is to moveto a At this point, Y

into eyepiece 25.

Referring now to Figures 2 and 3, my novel positionY nding device which 'automatically permits pointV 14 to be located is` shown in one form which it may take.

`fThe instrument is provided with a base plate and a parallel top plate 21 connected together by posts 22,122. A magnetic compass isfmounted on the base plate having acompass rose 24 arranged so that the indicia thereon may readily be viewed throughthe eye piece. The compass maybe of any standard type; since, however, the instrument willmost frequently be hand held and usedin smallY craft, the best possible damping should be used, such as eddy'current or magnetic damping. Compass 24 is contained in transparent housing 23 on whicha refer-i Y 'ence line 32 is marked.

The eye piece 25 is supported in any suitable manner between the two plates 20 and 21. It need not be tele-Y Scopic since the intended use of the instrument is from small craft low in the waterwhere the limited horizon imposes arelatively short range. A telescopic eye piece may, however, be used Where .the expected range or eX- pected relative smallness of landmarks may make it de# sirable. The primary function of the eyepiece is to` 'establish a line of sight or axis in combination with the reference mark 32 for the purpose of establishing bearing Y line locus 10 of Figure l. The lower portion 'of the eye lpiece or tube 25 is fitted with a segment of a magnifying fglass 26 sothat the compass rose 24 may be viewed at ininity.- SinceV themagnifying glass segment, fas seen in the View of Figure 3 is in essence also prismatic, it also has the function of raising the image of compassY rose 24 and reference mark32 in the eye piece, bringingV the image to just below the line of sight fromv the eye through to'landmarkrll. VThe compass 24 may thus be `mounted 'on base plate 20 below the line of` sight VwhileV nevertheless -the imageof the compass rose 24 will be brought up to the -line of sight and can be viewed at infinity. 'Y

, Since the reference mark 32' is on the housin'g23 of compass 24, it also is viewed at inlinity. Other yreference 'means or sights maybe mounted either on the top or vbottom plate -or between them; and if desired,` a beam -splitterwith a sky illuminated Vslit'may be providerlsoV 4'that the image of the slit will form the reference mark. vAlso, in special cases where the instrument is 'to be used "at night with respect to illuminated objects (i.e. `light houses, buoys), the instrumenty may be provided with a "local source of illumination for illuminating at low, intensity preferablyV onlyV the Areference mark vand the compass rose 24."V Y Y Y The eye piece 25, the compass rose 24 and reference line 32 vestablish theaxis vor locus 410 for landmark 11. The angle u for landmark 13 is established by'mirror 35 on pin 36 rotatably carried by plate 21. Handle 37V keyed 1to pin 36 may be manually operated to rotate pin 36 and mirror 35. Handle 37 is providedwith pointer 38 Vreading on scale 39 on the top plate 21; VA iixed mirror AT40 is mounted Yat the end'of the instrument opposite eye piece25 and preferably just above the line of sight Vfor. :axis 10.` The plane of iixed mirror 40 is parallel -to the axis of rotation of mirror 35. The combination of mir- 'rors 35 and 40 and eye piece 25 operates to measure, the

angle in a horizontal plane. The image of object 13 received yalong line 42 is reilected from rotatable mirror "3S to fixed mirror 40 to thereye piece 25. Y Mirror 35 v'must berotated until the image vof object 13 is directed The settingV of mirrorY 35 'whichn Aiachieves'thi's result is marked by pointer 38 on handle "37 reading on scale 39. Scale 39 may readY in degrees of arc measured from axis 10 but may read in any indicia which experience may Yfind suited to a particular purpose -or type of user.

VIn use, after'deciding that he wouldliketo return to a particular point on the water, the Vuser will sight through eye piece 25 on a landmark 11 and rotate handle 37 until a landmark 13 also coincideswith the reference line (see Figure 4). He then notes the compass bearing for landmark 11, removes the instrument from hiseye and notes the pointer 38 setting forV landmark 13. To return to the particular point, the'V user moves his craft to a line where a sight through the instrumenten landmark 11 will provide the same compass bearing; he thenpperates handle 37 to bring landmark 13 tothe referenceV line. If the setting of pointer 38Y is higher than thatv noted, he moves away yfrom landmark 111 along the line Yestablished by the compass bearing until he can bring both landmarks 11 and 13 to the reference line with Vthe originallyI noted setting. If the setting 'of pointer 38 is smaller, then he moves toward landmark 11 until both landmarks 11 and 13 can be brought to the referencevline with the originallynoted setting. i' Y While especially suitedY to locating points onjwater where landmarks are available, my novel Yinstrument may,

Y of course, be used in any relatively featureless terrain to in'rconnection with an illustrative embodiment thereof.

Since many variations andrmodiiicationsw'ill now be obvious to those skilled in the art, I prefer to be bound,

Vnot by the speciiic disclosures herein contained, but.' only by the appended claims. Y

I claim:

l. A self-contained hand-held position locating deviceA :for effecting a simultaneous view of the lines of sight of r*two distant objects, comprisingV upper andV lower generally parallel-plates and a spacing bracket therebetween to which said plates Vare secured; a viewingaperture in said bracket for viewing-objects atiinnity focal length, a compass Vcarried by saidY lowerplate Yand a reference index therefor, said ycompass having a scale below the lneof sight ofrsaid aperture, aportion of vsaid aperture-'having .lens means for viewing said reference indexV and'said compass'scale-atininity focal length, a tixedmirror car- -ried by said upperplate above the lineV of sight of said -aperture and aV rotative mirror pivotally carried by said -upper plate `above said line of sight, an armA secured to said pivotalV mirror t'o effect rotation thereof andrhaving indicia to c'oact'with indicia on said upper plate vto indicate the angle between said lines of sight, whereby ,said

compass scale and reference Vmark `are .thus viewable Vsimultaneously with said lines of sight without'e'ye focusling adjustment'of an observer, to readily ascertain compass bearing for a line of vsight on ahrstobjeet directly .'viewed through saidl aperture and the angle to'a line of sight ofa secondiobject brought into optical register with said rst object by rotation of saidrotative mirror. f

2. In a deviceV asset forth in claim l, said compass scale being on` a cylindrical surface wholly belowv the line of sight of said aperture, said lens serving as Aa prism Y to optically raise said compass scale to said aperture line of sightT Y Y Y Y ReferencesCited in the file of this patent 'UNITED STATES vPATENTS V7,47*/ Y Locke lJuly 2V, 1850 1,145,056 cele .-K -A Y Jmy s, 191s Y Y i FOREIGN PATENTS Y l 19,082 Y. Great Britain Y r of 1909 Y 11,750 oreatritam of 1910 364,867Y v Great Britain Jau.v 14, 1932 433,866

Great Britain Aug. 179, 1935 

